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Price tag policy (Hebrew: מדיניות תג מחיר), also known as "Mutual Responsibility" (''Arvut Hadadit''),〔Amos N. Guiora, (''Tolerating Intolerance: The Price of Protecting Extremism,'' ) Oxford University Press, 2014 p.107.〕 also referred to as a "tactic",〔David Khalfa, 'After the Gaza Withdrawal: The Settler’s Struggle Over the Meaning of the Israeli National Identity,’ in Elisabeth Marteu (ed.) (''Civil Organizations and Protest Movements in Israel: Mobilisation around the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,'' ) Palgrave Macmillan 2009 pp.27-51 p.42: These radical settlers, about a few hundreds of people, launched a new tactic called euphemistically “price tag”.'〕 "strategy",〔United Nations (''Report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People,'' ) United Nations General Assembly 65th Session,Supplement No.35 2010 p.10)〕 "doctrine",〔Daniel Byman (''A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism,'' ) Oxford University Press/Saban Center, Brookings Institution, 2011 p.290: ‘Radicals espouse a “price tag” doctrine.'〕 "campaign",〔Miriam Fendius Elman, Oded Haklai, Hendrik Spruyt ‘Democracy and Peacemaking in Protracted Conflicts:The Israeli Case,’ Miriam Fendius Elman, Oded Haklai, Hendrik Spruyt (eds.) (''Democracy and Conflict Resolution: The Dilemmas of Israel's Peacemaking,'' ) Syracuse University Press, 2014 pp.1-26, pp.16-17 n,16: ‘settlement supports have been successful in recent years by threatening violent resistance to settlement dismantlement and by resorting to vigilante tactics to prevent further disengagement (e.g., the “price tag campaign” whereby attempts to evacuate illegal settlements have been met with the destruction of Palestinian property and the targeting of Palestinian civilians.)’〕 or "principle",〔Michael Karpin, (''Imperfect Compromise: A New Consensus Among Israelis and Palestinians,'' ) Potamac Books, 2013 p.26.〕 is the name originally〔Nir Hasson, (‘Jerusalem Christians are latest targets in recent spate of 'price tag' attacks,’ ) at Haaretz, 21 February 2012.〕〔Nir Hasson/Associated Press, ('Monastery near Jerusalem defaced in suspected 'price tag' attack,' ) at Haaretz 21 August 2013.’ Jewish extremists originally used the term “price tag” to describe vandalism and violence that targeted Israelis as well as Palestinians and was aimed at preventing or avenging evacuations of West Bank settlers.’〕 given to acts of vandalism aimed at the Palestinian population, Christians, left-wing Israeli Jews,〔Oz Rosenberg, ('Home of Israeli left-wing activist defaced in latest 'price tag' act,' ) in Haaretz, 12 September 2011.〕 Arab-Israelis, and the Israel Defense Forces and Israeli police〔Dale Gavlak, ('Price Tag' Israeli Extremists Target Christians,' ) Christianity Today 13 May, 2014〕〔 Yifa Yaakov, ( 'Arab Israeli complains of Galilee price tag attack,' ) The Times of Israel 21 April 2014,〕〔B'tselem, (Background on violence by settlers,' ) 2011:'In recent years, settlers have carried out violent acts under the slogan "price tag." These are acts of random violence aimed at the Palestinian population and Israel Defense Forces and Israeli police.'〕 by Jewish fundamentalist settler youths〔Joshua Mitnick, (‘Mosque is torched in Israel,’ ) in Wall Street Journal, 4 October 2011.'Vandals scrawled "price tag" in Hebrew on a wall outside the mosque, referring to a campaign of retribution by fundamentalist Israeli youths against Palestinians in the West Bank..'〕 who "exact a price from local Palestinians or from the Israeli security forces for any action taken against their settlement enterprise", according to the ''New York Times''.〔Isabel Kershner, (Mosque Set on Fire in Northern Israel ), at New York Times, 3 October 2011:'The attack followed a series of similar assaults on mosques in the West Bank by arsonists suspected of being radical settlers as part of a campaign known as "price tag," which seeks to exact a price from local Palestinians for violence against settlers or from Israeli security forces for taking action against illegal construction in Jewish outposts in the West Bank.'〕〔Uri Friedman, (The 'Price Tag' Menace: Vigilante Israeli Settler Attacks Spread ), at The Atlantic Wire, 3 October 2011:'The New York Times defines price tag attacks as incidents in which radical Jewish settlers "exact a price from local Palestinians or from the Israeli security forces for any action taken against their settlement enterprise".'〕〔Ben Schott, ('Schott's Vocab: A Miscellany of Modern Words & Phrases,' ) in New York Times, 1 June 2011.〕 Price tag attacks now extend to acts of vandalism, and especially to acts of anti-Arab vandalism,〔Eli Ashkenazi,('Vandals scrawl 'Death to Arabs' on window of Druze business in northern Israel,' ) Haaretz 7 May 2014.〕 suspected to be the work of lone individuals, against the Israeli army and security services, as well as against Christian and Muslim places of worship, and also against left-wing institutions that criticize settlers.〔Nir Hasson, (‘Jerusalem Christians are latest targets in recent spate of 'price tag' attacks,’ ) at Haaretz, 21 February 2012.‘The attack on the Narkis Street Baptist Congregation marks the latest in a series of price tag attacks that have targeted Muslim, Christian and left-wing institutions in the capital over the last two months. But police believe most of the vandalism is not the work of an organized group; rather, they say, the spray-painted slogans are largely copycat actions carried out by lone individuals. The original price tag attacks, in contrast, were thought to be the work of a group of settlers seeking to set a "price tag" on house demolitions in the settlements via retaliatory attacks on Palestinians and/or Israeli soldiers. ‘〕〔Nir Hasson/Associated Press, ('Monastery near Jerusalem defaced in suspected 'price tag' attack,' ) at Haaretz 21 August 2013.‘Dr. Gadi Gvaryahu, Chairman of the Bright Tag organization working to deter violent “price tag” attacks against Palestinians, said in of the attack: “The violation of the monastery is directly linked to attacks against over twenty Christian and Muslim places of worship in the last three years. The attackers seek to cause unrest between the various religions in Israel and bring about bloodshed”.’〕 〔Ahiya Raved, ('Fire heavily damages Church of Loaves and Fishes on Sea of Galilee,' ) Ynet 18 June 2015. According to Rabbis for Human Rights states that 43 such hate crime attacks have been made against churches, mosques and monasteries in Israel, the West Bank and East Jerusalem since 2009.〕In May 2014, Shin Bet said the price-tag hate crimes were the handiwork of about 100 individuals mainly hailing from the Yitzhar settlement and hilltop outposts, and were inspired by the ideas of rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburg.〔Amos Harel, Revital Hovel, Jack Khoury,('Security sources: 100 followers of racist rabbi are behind hate crimes,' ) Haaretz 8 May 2014.〕 One objection to the use of the term is that dehumanizes Palestinians. Ron Ben-Tovim argues that it is a supermarket label used as a euphemism for violent acts aimed to instill terror into the hearts of Palestinians, applied to acts against Palestinians by Jews, whereas it is standard in Israeli usage to brand all acts perpetrated by Palestinians against Israeli Jews as terrorism, and to speak of “Cutting off the head of the terror snake” and “tentacles of terror" are commonly used metaphors. To use a special term, 'price tag' for acts of violence against Palestinians is to reduce the terror to a message by settlers to their government, and ignore the victim.〔Ron Ben-Tovim ('Stop Calling Hate Crimes 'price Tag Attacks' It's Offensive,' ) Haaretz 5 August 2015.〕 The price-tag campaign includes attacks on Palestinian villages and property by Israeli settlers as retaliation for attacks on Israeli targets and for government demolition of structures at West Bank settlements and the removal of outposts which are variously described as being either unauthorised or illegal,〔Ori Nir, ('"Price Tag" Terrorism Crosses the Green Line,' ), in ''Peace Now'', 4 October 2011〕〔〔Friedman, Uri. (The 'Price Tag' Menace: Vigilante Israeli Settler Attacks Spread ). October 2011〕〔Yaniv Kubovich, Eli Ashkenazi. (Police brace for Israeli Arab revenge attacks following mosque torching ). Haaretz. "Price tag attacks are revenge actions by Jewish extremists, usually against Palestinians, following terror attacks or state demolitions in settlements or outposts."〕〔Haaretz Service and Chaim Levinson ('Palestinian stabbed in Hebron Hills in suspected 'price tag' attack,' ) in Haaretz, 21 March 2011. "Some of these so-called 'price tag' attacks have been in response to Palestinian attacks on Jews, while others have been in response to government actions taken to curtail of settlement activities."〕〔B'tselem, (Background on violence by settlers,' ) 2011:"In recent years, settlers have carried out violent acts under the slogan "price tag". These are acts of random violence aimed at the Palestinian population and Israeli security forces.〕 and in recent years (2012-2013), dozens of such attacks have targeted Christian sites and the Christian community in Jerusalem.〔Nir Hasson and Gili Cohen,(Dormition Church suffers suspected 'price tag' attack,' ) at Haaretz, 30 May 2013〕〔However, the Associated Press calculates the number of such attacks through all of the Holy Land at 17 over the three year period, 2011-2013. Associated Press, ('Attack on Jerusalem graves unnerves Christians,' ) at Ynet〕 They generally follow actions by Israeli authorities that are perceived as harming the settlement enterprise, or follow Palestinian violence against settlers. B'Tselem has documented many acts of this kind,〔B'tselem, (Background on violence by settlers ).〕 which have included violent attacks carried out against random Palestinian civilians, burning of mosques and fields, stone throwing, uprooting trees, making incursions into Palestinian villages and land.〔John Lyons, (Moral Minority ) in The Australian, 17 September 2011:'Some settlers practice a "price tag" policy: if the Israeli government does something they do not like, such as trying to close an illegal outpost, they in turn punish Palestinians, by poisoning or burning olive trees, desecrating mosques or attacking cars..'〕 These actions come as retaliation for Palestinian acts of violence against settlers, or decisions by the Israeli government to curb Jewish construction in the West Bank,〔〔Anshel Pfeffer & Chaim Levinson (Israeli settlers' council condemns 'marginal group' behind vandalism at IDF base ), in Haaretz, 7 September 2011: 'This was the first "price tag" act extremist settlers have implemented against the army since adopting their policy of seeking retribution to exact for any curb on Israeli construction in the West Bank. Extremists adopted their "price tag" policy to demonstrate discontent with the government's decision to freeze construction in West Bank settlements, but have directed their operations thus far at Palestinians.'〕 where 80% of the attacks take place, while some 10-15% take place in the area of Jerusalem.〔Chaim Levinson, ('Israel Police creates unit to fight 'price tag' attacks - but only in West Bank,' ) at Haaretz 26 June 2013〕 Such vandalism also embraces damaging the property, or injuring members of the Israeli police and the Israeli Defense Forces, and defacing the homes of left-wing activists.〔Oz Rosenberg, ('Home of Israeli left-wing activist defaced in latest 'price tag' act,' ) in Haaretz, 12 September 2011.〕 Shin Bet estimates of the extent of the perpetrator group vary: one figure calculates that from several hundred to about 3,000 people implement the price tag policy,〔Chezki Ezra, (GSS hills activists engaged in "price tag" debate" ), in Arutz Sheva, 11 February 2008.〕 while a recent analysis sets the figure at a few dozen individuals, organized in small close-knit and well-organised cells〔Reuters, (Facts about "Price Tag" attacks blamed on Jewish settlers ), 3 October 2011.〕 and backed by a few hundred right-wing activists.〔Eli Ashkenazi, Amos Harel and DPA ('Israel Police on high alert as clashes ensue following mosque arson,' ) in Haaretz, 4 October 2011.〕 Yizhar Hess, comparing hate-crimes against Arabs in Israel and antisemitic acts against Jews in France, notes that incidents of the former are proportionately higher, and argues that price tag acts are Israel's anti-Semitism.〔Yizhar Hess, (''Price tag' is Israel's anti-Semitism,' ) Ynet 8 May 2014:'Relatively, there are more hate incidents against Arabs in Israel than hate incidents against Jews in France. . .When one examines these numbers courageously, the earth starts moving. Nearly eight million residents live in Israel. On average, we are talking about one anti-Semitic incident per 400,000 people. . .Even France, which had the highest number of anti-Semitic incidents in 2013, recorded 116 incidents. With its 66 million residents, we are talking about once incident per 600,000 people.'〕 The roots of the price tag policy were traced to the August 2005 dismantling of settlements in the Gaza Strip as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan. Ever since then, extreme right wing settlers have sought to establish a "balance of terror", in which every state action aimed at them generates an immediate violent reaction.〔Amos Harel (ANALYSIS / The extreme right has sought to establish a 'balance of terror' ), in Haaretz, 11 March 2008.〕 The definition of such acts as terroristic, however, is the subject of considerable political controversy in Israel.〔('Meretz head Gal-On blasts AG over cabinet’s lesser categorization of 'price tag’ attacks,' ) at Haaretz, 16 February 2014.〕 The "price tag" concept and violence have been publicly rejected by Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu,〔(Netanyahu vows to stop price-tag, racist attacks ). Jerusalem Post. 2013〕〔Herb Keinon, Tovah Lazaroff, ('Netanyahu condemns settlers’ ‘price tag’ violence' ) in Jerusalem Post, 9 March 2011:"Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu on Tuesday condemned alleged violence carried out by far-Right activists in the past week under the guise of the so-called "price tag" reprisal policy, saying the whole concept was completely unacceptable."〕 who have demanded that those responsible are brought to justice. Cabinet member Benny Begin stated: "These people are scoundrels, but we have not been terribly successful in catching them."〔Ethan Bronner, (Amid Statehood Bid, Tensions Simmer in West Bank ), in New York Times, 23 September 2011.〕 Many people across the political spectrum in Israel have denounced such attacks〔Raanan Ben-Zur, ('Suspect arrested in Tuba Zangaria mosque arson,' ) in Ynet, 6 October 2011.〕 and some have made efforts to redress the harm.〔(Chief rabbi: Palestinian mosque burning harkens to Kristallnacht )〕 The attacks are widely reported in the Arab media,〔(AFP: Islamic Conference condemns mosque desecration )〕 and have been strongly condemned by the Organization of the Islamic Conference. The settler leadership have "fiercely condemned" the price tag policy,〔Ethan Bronner, (Amid Statehood Bid, Tensions Simmer in West Bank ), New York Times, 23 September 2011, p.1:"The settler leadership has fiercely condemned "price tag," saying it does not represent the vast majority of their community".〕 and the vast majority of Yesha rabbis have expressed their reservations about it.〔Nadav Shragai, ('The new policy of the settlers: "price tag" on any evacuation of the army', ) (Hebrew) in Haaretz, 3 October 2008:"The settlers' establishment and the vast majority of the Yesha Rabbis express reservations about it."〕 According to Shin Bet, the vast majority of the settlers also reject such actions.〔Eli Ashkenazi, Amos Harel and DPA (Israel Police on high alert as clashes ensue following mosque arson ) in Haaretz, 4 October 2011.〕 == History of the price tag policy == (詳細はHaaretz'' Amos Harel, the roots of the policy go back to Ariel Sharon's policy of disengagement from Gaza in August 2005 and the demolition in 2006 of the illegal settlement at Amona. The expression is occasionally used for acts that took place before this date, to denote a retributive act. Gideon Levy, for example, describes the settlement of Mitzpe Yair, established in 1998 after the murder of settler Yair Har-Sinai, as "an early 'price tag' operation – an act of retribution for some incident."〔Gideon Levi, ('Not sacred, not stolen,' ) at Haaretz, 7 September 2012〕 The term has been also used to describe Israeli retaliative policy against Palestinians, and on behalf of the settler enterprise, by describing PM Binjamin Netanyahu's decision to permit Jews to move into a contested property, Machpela House, in response to the shooting of an Israeli border policeman near the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron.〔Haaretz editorial, ('A governmental price tag attack,' ) at Haaretz 24 September 2013.〕 The Kahane Chai member and IDF soldier Eden Natan-Zada's gunning down of Israeli Arabs on a bus in the town of Shfar'am, in which four Arabs were killed and twenty-two were wounded, took place on 4 August 2005, just before the Gaza evacuation, and has been interpreted as a possible price-tag assault aimed at provoking riots that would make the IDF too busy to execute the evacuation on the Gaza Strip.〔Daniel Byman, ''A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism,'' Oxford University Press, 2011 p.290.〕 Later that same year, Asher Weisgan of the Shiloh settlement killed four Palestinians in a similar terror attack perpetrated as a "protest" at the withdrawal from Amona.〔Byman, 2011 p.290-1〕 According to Harel, since the Gaza and Amona withdrawals "the extreme right has sought to establish a 'balance of terror,' in which every state action aimed at them – from demolishing a caravan in an outpost to restricting the movements of those suspected of harassing Palestinian olive harvesters – generates an immediate, violent reaction."〔Amos Harel, (ANALYSIS: The extreme right has sought to establish a 'balance of terror' ), in Haaretz, 3 November 2008.〕 In July 2008, after the evacuation of a bus from the Israeli outpost of Adi Ed (עדי עד), followed by clashes between settler groups with Palestinians and the IDF, settler Itay Zar from the Israeli outpost of Havat Gilad alluded to the price-tag policy in stating: "Whenever an evacuation is carried out – whether it is a bus, a trailer or a small outpost – we will respond."〔(Promise made to always respond to the evacuation of settlers )〕 In an article published in May 2010, Zar stated that these actions represent a legitimate struggle which includes mainly the blocking of intersections and roads in order to disrupt the regular operations of Israeli security forces, preventing them from demolishing settler houses. Zar referred to the criminal activity involved in these actions as "marginal and uncontrolled acts."〔(Stop condemning and start building )〕 In the wake of the dismantlement of Noam Federman's farm outside Hebron in October 2008, opponents of the evacuation called for revenge attacks against the security forces, telling soldiers "you should all be defeated by your enemies, you should all become Gilad Shalit, you should all be killed, you should all be slaughtered, because that's what you deserve", and "set a price tag" on the event by stoning soldiers and local Palestinians, wounding 2 Border policemen, vandalizing cars, and destroying graves in a Muslim graveyard.〔Haaretz Editorial, ('Defeat settler terror' ), Haaretz, 27 October 2008.〕 Price tag operations were originally envisaged as mobilizing actions by settlers throughout the West Bank – retaliating in the north when outposts in the south were threatened with dismantlement, and "exacting a price" in the south when outposts risked removal in the north. However, by 2009, though considerable damage was wrought to Palestinian property and persons, a coordinated north-south campaign still hadn't been realised. Price tag attacks could, furthermore, also be triggered purely on the basis of an announcement of government measures or by rumours of an imminent evacuation.〔OCHA, 1 November 2009.〕 Settlers have used the term to describe Israeli government operations that demolish the illegal structures they have built.〔Yoav Zitun and Itay Blumenthal, ('Six Border Policemen hurt, IDF post destroyed in settlers' rampage near Yitzhar,' ) Ynet 8 April 2014:'The Border Policemen had begun to demolish illegal structures at the settlement when local residents began throwing stones at the troops. Two police officers required medical attention. Settlers at Yitzhar slammed the demolition as a "price tag" attack carried out by the military in revenge for attacks on Israeli security personnel in recent days.'〕 The acts of random violence generally follow actions by Israeli authorities that are perceived as harming the settlement enterprise, or follow Palestinian violence against settlers. "Price tag" acts include demonstrations, blocking of roads,〔(Price Tag blocking intersections throughout the West Bank and Israel )〕 clashes with Israeli security forces and even attacks against Israeli security forces personnel. Usually, however, the term refers to carried out by radical right-wing Israeli activists against Palestinians and their property. These include throwing stones at Palestinian cars, the torching of Palestinian fields and orchards, as well as the destruction and uprooting of trees belonging to Palestinians. According to Israeli human rights group, Yesh Din, "The goal is to create a price for each evacuation, causing the Israeli authorities to think twice about carrying them out." A September 2011 article in ''The Economist'' suggested that one motive for these attacks might be to instigate violent Palestinian reaction, because the settlers are better-armed and believe that they could defeat the Palestinians. Towards the end of 2009, following an Israeli government decision to freeze any Israeli construction in the West Bank for a period of 10 months, several suspicious attacks were carried out in the West Bank,〔(Tires slashed and graffiti against frozen construction in Judea and Samaria )〕 including the arson of a mosque in the Palestinian town of Yasuf, during which graffiti was sprayed on a building saying "Prepare for the price tag". The Shin Bet estimates of the extent of the perpetrator group vary: one figure calculates that from several hundred to about 3,000 people implement the price tag policy,〔 while a recent analysis sets the figure at a few dozen individuals backed a few hundred right-wing activists.〔 The vast majority of the settlers reject such actions, Shin Bet officials say. The perpetrators are organized in small close-knit and well-organised cells.〔 A 2009 summary report published by the Israeli police stated that during 2009 there was a decline in these types of attacks.〔(Decline in Price tag attacks )〕 According to a report of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) published in November 2009, if Israel were to begin evacuating settlements in the West Bank, 248,700 Palestinians living in 83 communities would be exposed to this policy, of which 22 communities with 75,900 inhabitants would be at high risk.〔 According to Yesh Din, which monitored a selection of incidents over 4 years, Israel Police did not file a single indictment following 69 cases that included price tag operations, where thousands of olive trees were burnt down between 2005 and 2009.〔Human Rights Watch (Separate and Unequal Israel’s Discriminatory Treatment of Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories,' ) Human Rights Watch, December 2010 p.99.〕〔OCHA, 1 November 2009:"The lack of adequate law enforcement and accountability in regard to settler violence has been recurrently pointed out, since the early 1980s, by official commissions appointed by the Israeli authorities, as well as by human rights organizations.."〕 According to Reuters, there was a 57% upswing in such attacks in the first seven months of 2011. No charges had yet been brought against suspects in price tag incidents.〔Friedman, Uri, (The 'Price Tag' Menace: Vigilante Israeli Settler Attacks Spread ). October 2011.〕 In September 2011 the Shin Beit advised the government to withhold funding from one yeshiva, Od Yosef Chai in the settlement of Yitzhar, on the basis of intelligence reports that its rabbis encourage students to attack Arabs, including 'price tag' assaults.〔(Shin Bet urges Israeli government to halt funding of West Bank yeshiva – Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News )〕 Price tag attacks have been made on Christian holy sites. In response to one on the Dormition Abbey on Mount Zion early in October 2012, (Rabbi Gilad Kariv ) commented:"This price tag epidemic threatens to become a routine part of Israeli public life, causing moral, social and international damage. Law enforcement, which has failed to deal with the phenomenon, must make this a much higher priority than it has until now." 〔Oz Rosenberg and Nir Hasson, ('Another Israeli church defaced with 'price tag' graffiti,' ) at Haaretz, 3 October 2012.〕 In December 2012, two yarmulke-clad youths, one a candidate for the Shin Bet security service, handed out flyers, promoting price-tag attacks against Palestinians, at an IDF induction centre in Tel Hashomer. The IDF issued a statement condemning political propaganda within the army, the centre was notified and the distribution of flyers stopped.〔Gili Cohen ('Activists hand out fliers promoting 'price tag' attacks at IDF center,' ) at Haaretz, 3 December 2012.〕 Daniel Byman and Natan Sachs, writing for the Council on Foreign Relations's in-house journal Foreign Affairs, state that arson and the destruction of trees do not belong in the same category and aren't morally equivalent to suicide bombing though they, as well as Israeli politicians such as Moshe Ya'alon,〔 define these acts of vandalism as a form of terrorism.〔Daniel Byman and Natan Sachs, ('The Rise of Settler Terrorism: The West Bank’s Other Violent Extremists,' ), at Foreign Affairs, 12 August 2012: 'To be clear, arson and the destruction of trees do not belong in the same category as suicide bombings, and using the word "terrorism" to describe such vandalism risks moral equivalency. Yet "terrorism" is defined not only by the act itself but also by its purpose: to produce a psychological effect, terror, as a means of advancing a political agenda. This definition fits the aim of extremist settlers, who often scrawl the Hebrew words for "price tag" at the scene of the crime -- a message to their targets that they will exact a price for any act that they oppose. Such attacks target innocent Palestinians in response to and as a deterrent against Palestinian terrorism and target Palestinians, pro-peace Israelis, and Israeli soldiers alike for supposedly anti-settlement measures taken by the Israeli government. By seeking to frighten a rival population and intimidate a government, the extremists mimic the typical methods of terrorist groups across the globe.'〕 In June 2013, according to Zehava Gal-On, the Israeli Cabinet was pressured, despite a recommendation by the Attorney-General to the contrary, to define perpetrators of such attacks as members of "forbidden organizations" as opposed to "terror groups". The implications are significant, in that belonging to the latter carries prison sentences of up to 20 years, whereas "forbidden organizations" only risk confiscation of their property, and under the definition, arrested members of price tag activist groups can avoid criminal prosecution.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Price tag policy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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